Prevalence of HPV genotypes and assessment of their clinical relevance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a northeastern state of Brazil-a retrospective study.

Background: A high prevalence and incidence of head and neck tumors make Brazil the country with the third-highest number of cases of these malignant neoplasms. The main risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption; however, cases related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) have tripled in number, demonstrating a changing disease profile. Studies have reported the prevalence of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to vary between 8% and 83%. The role of HPV as an important causative factor in LSCC remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients with LSCC diagnosed between 2014 and 2019 at two oncology hospitals in São Luís, Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data, and the histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, were collected directly from medical records. Genetic material was extracted from paraffin-embedded samples using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated sequencing for HPV detection and genotyping. The results by social and clinicopathologic variables were then compared using the chi-squared test and multivariate analysis. Results: Sociodemographic analysesdemonstrated that most patients were men (87.8%), brown-skinned (75.6%), and resident in the state capital (53.7%). They generally had a poor education status (53.7%), having only an elementary school education (completed/incomplete), and 51.2% were self-employed in occupations such as farming or fishing. Smoking and alcohol consumption habits were observed in approximately half the patients. With respect to clinical characteristics, 39% of patients exhibited T1/T2 staging, 51.2% had no distant metastasis, and 30.5% had lymph node invasion. HPV DNA was detected in half the samples (50%), with the high oncogenic type 16 being the most prevalent. There was no significant relationship observed between the economic, educational, occupational with the HPV LSCC in the presented data, although multivariate analysis demonstrated that HPV DNA was more likely to be present in T3-T4 tumors (p = 0.002).

Characteristics of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in Brazil: preliminary results of the prospective cohort EVITA study (EVA001/LACOG 0215).

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological and quality of life (QoL) data in patients with cervical cancer from low- and middle-income countries are scarce. We aimed to describe sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer at diagnosis in Brazil. METHODS: EVITA is a prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer from May 2016 to December 2017, stages I-IVB, from 16 Brazilian sites representing the five Brazilian regions. At baseline, medical evaluation was performed and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-CX24/C30 questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: A total of 631 patients were included. Mean±SD age was 49.3±13.9 years; skin color was non-white in 65.3%, and 68.0% had ≤8 years of formal education. In total, 85.1% of patients had a Pap smear. The main reasons reported by patients for not having a Pap smear were: lack of interest (46.9%), shame or embarrassment (19.7%), lack of knowledge (19.7%), and difficulty with access (9.1%). Most patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease (FIGO clinical stage II-IV in 81.8%- stage II in 35.2%, stage III in 36.1%, and stage IV in 10.5%). Patients with clinical stage III-IV had worse physical functioning and role functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer in Brazil is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Most patients have low formal education and are unemployed. Lack of interest was identified as a main reason for not having a screening test, and limited access was reported as a reason by <10% of the patients. Awareness campaigns must be a governmental priority, specially focused on the needy population, along with wide access to treatment.

High dose gabapentin does not alter tumor growth in mice but reduces arginase activity and increases superoxide dismutase, IL-6 and MCP-1 levels in Ehrlich ascites.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gabapentin on Ehrlich tumor growth in Swiss mice, a highly aggressive and inflammatory tumor model. Mice were grouped into sets of 5 animals and treated from days 2 to 8 with gabapentin 30 mg/kg body weight (G30) or 100 mg/kg body weight (G100), or normal sterile saline (control). RESULTS: The mice were euthanized on day 10. Tumor growth, tumoricidal agents and inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed. At day 10, G30 and G100 mice gained weight, but there were no differences in tumor cell count or in ascites volume. In G100, there was a reduction in arginase and an increase in SOD activities. There was an increase in IL-6 and MCP-1 levels, especially in G100, but no alterations in TNF-α. There was no direct evidence of tumor induction by gabapentin. However, the findings suggest that its use modulates immune response to a more effector and less deleterious profile, with increase in activity of anti-oxidant enzymes and in cytokines that favor activation of macrophages, which could improve the general status of the tumor host.

Effect of preoperative gabapentin on pain intensity and development of chronic pain after carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment in women: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study / Efeito da gabapentina pré-operatória na intensidade da dor e desenvolvimento de dor crônica após o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do túnel do carpo em mulheres: estudo randomizado duplo-cego controlado com placebo

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Effective postoperative analgesia is important for reducing the incidence of chronic pain. This study evaluated the effect of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative analgesia and the incidence of chronic pain among patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Randomized, double-blind controlled trial, Federal University of São Paulo Pain Clinic. METHODS: Forty patients aged 18 years or over were randomized into two groups: Gabapentin Group received 600 mg of gabapentin preoperatively, one hour prior to surgery, and Control Group received placebo. All the patients received intravenous regional anesthesia comprising 1% lidocaine. Midazolam was used for sedation if needed. Paracetamol was administered for postoperative analgesia as needed. Codeine was used additionally if the paracetamol was insufficient. The following were evaluated: postoperative pain intensity (over a six-month period), incidence of postoperative neuropathic pain (over a six-month period), need for intraoperative sedation, and use of postoperative paracetamol and codeine. The presence of neuropathic pain was established using the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4) questionnaire. Complex regional pain syndrome was diagnosed using the Budapest questionnaire. RESULTS: No differences in the need for sedation, control over postoperative pain or incidence of chronic pain syndromes (neuropathic or complex regional pain syndrome) were observed. No differences in postoperative paracetamol and codeine consumption were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative gabapentin (600 mg) did not improve postoperative pain control, and did not reduce the incidence of chronic pain among patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: Analgesia pós-operatória eficaz é importante para reduzir a incidência de dor crônica. Este estudo avaliou o efeito da gabapentina pré-operatória na analgesia pós-operatória e na incidência de dor crônica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para tratamento da síndrome do túnel do carpo. DESENHO E LOCAL: Randomizado, duplo cego, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Os 40 pacientes com 18 anos ou mais de idade foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o Grupo Gabapentina recebeu 600 mg de gabapentina no pré-operatório uma hora antes da cirurgia, e o Grupo Controle recebeu placebo. Todos os pacientes receberam anestesia regional intravenosa com lidocaína a 1%. Midazolam foi utilizado para sedação, se necessário. Paracetamol foi administrado para analgesia pós-operatória, conforme necessário, e codeína, se o paracetamol fosse insuficiente. Foram avaliados: a intensidade da dor pós-operatória (durante seis meses), a incidência de dor neuropática pós-operatória (durante seis meses), a necessidade de sedação intra-operatória e o uso de paracetamol e codeína no pós-operatório. A presença de dor neuropática foi estabelecida utilizando-se o questionário DN4 (dor neuropática 4). Síndrome de dor regional complexa foi diagnosticada através do questionário Budapeste. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças na necessidade de sedação, no controle da dor pós-operatória e na incidência de síndromes dolorosas crônicas (neuropáticas ou síndrome de dor regional complexa). Não foram observadas diferenças no consumo de paracetamol e codeína. CONCLUSÕES: Gabapentina pré-operatória (600 mg) não melhorou o controle da dor pós-operatória e não reduziu a incidência de dor crônica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para tratamento da síndrome do túnel do carpo.

Effect of preoperative gabapentin on pain intensity and development of chronic pain after carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment in women: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Effective postoperative analgesia is important for reducing the incidence of chronic pain. This study evaluated the effect of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative analgesia and the incidence of chronic pain among patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgical treatment. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Randomized, double-blind controlled trial, Federal University of São Paulo Pain Clinic. METHODS: Forty patients aged 18 years or over were randomized into two groups: Gabapentin Group received 600 mg of gabapentin preoperatively, one hour prior to surgery, and Control Group received placebo. All the patients received intravenous regional anesthesia comprising 1% lidocaine. Midazolam was used for sedation if needed. Paracetamol was administered for postoperative analgesia as needed. Codeine was used additionally if the paracetamol was insufficient. The following were evaluated: postoperative pain intensity (over a six-month period), incidence of postoperative neuropathic pain (over a six-month period), need for intraoperative sedation, and use of postoperative paracetamol and codeine. The presence of neuropathic pain was established using the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4) questionnaire. Complex regional pain syndrome was diagnosed using the Budapest questionnaire. RESULTS: No differences in the need for sedation, control over postoperative pain or incidence of chronic pain syndromes (neuropathic or complex regional pain syndrome) were observed. No differences in postoperative paracetamol and codeine consumption were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative gabapentin (600 mg) did not improve postoperative pain control, and did not reduce the incidence of chronic pain among patients undergoing carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.

Comparison of breast cancer recurrence and outcome patterns between patients treated from 1986 to 1992 and from 2004 to 2008.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the patterns of relapse according to estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status changed in the contemporary era. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Female patients referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency with biopsy-proven stage I to III breast cancer (BC), diagnosed between 1986 and 1992 (cohort 1 [C1]) and between mid-2004 and 2008 (cohort 2 [C2]), and with known ER and HER2 status were eligible. Data were prospectively collected. C2 patients were matched to C1 patients for stage, grade, and ER and HER2 status. The primary end point was hazard rate of relapse (HRR) for BC by study cohort according to biomarker status. Secondary outcomes included HRR according to stage, grade, and age and hazard rate of death (HRD). RESULTS: After matching, 7,178 patients were included (3,589 patients in each cohort). BC subtype distribution was as following ER positive/HER2 negative, 70.8%; ER positive/HER2 positive, 6.9%; ER negative/HER2 positive, 6.6%; and ER negative/HER2 negative, 15.8%. For the overall population, the HRR approximately halved in all yearly intervals to year 9 in C2 compared with C1. Differences in HRR between cohorts were greater in the initial five intervals for HER2-positive and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC. The HRR decreased in C2 compared with C1 for all disease stages and grades. The HRD in C2 also decreased compared with C1, although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: Although the pattern of relapse remains similar, there has been a significant improvement in BC relapse-free survival. Outcomes have improved for all BC subtypes, especially HER2-positive and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC, with the early spike in disease recurrence markedly decreased. These contemporary hazard rates are important for treatment decisions, patient discussions, and planning clinical trials of early BC.

Whole body diffusion for metastatic disease assessment in neuroendocrine carcinomas: comparison with OctreoScan® in two cases.

Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients must be adequately staged in order to improve a multidisciplinary approach and optimal management for metastatic disease. Currently available imaging studies include somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, like OctreoScan®, computed tomography (CT), scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which analyze vascular concentration and intravenous contrast enhancement for anatomic tumor localization. However, these techniques require high degree of expertise for interpretation and are limited by their availability, cost, reproducibility, and follow-up imaging comparisons. NETs significantly reduce water diffusion as compared to normal tissue. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI has an advantageous contrast difference: the tumor is represented with high signal over a black normal surrounding background. The whole-body diffusion (WBD) technique has been suggested to be a useful test for detecting metastasis from various anatomic sites. In this article we report the use of DWI in MRI and WBD in two cases of metastatic pulmonary NET staging in comparison with OctreoScan® in order to illustrate the potential advantage of DWI and WBD in staging NETs.

Conduta nas lesões polipoides davesícula biliar / Management of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder

Com o aumento do uso da ultrassonografia na prática diária, mais lesões polipoides da vesícula biliar têm sido detectadas. O significado clínico dessas lesões polipoides, bem como seu manuseio adequado, tem sido objeto de discussão. Embora a maioria dos pólipos da vesícula biliar seja de comportamento benigno, alguns casos de câncer precoce de vesícula biliar compartilham as mesmas características. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar o manuseio atual para o diagnóstico e conduta nessas lesões polipoides da vesícula biliar. Os autores concluem que é possível predizer aquelas situações com a maior probabilidade de lesão maligna na maioria dos pacientes, através do diagnóstico clínico e do exame uItrassonográfico...

Avaliação geriátrica do paciente idoso com câncer: revisão de literatura

Com o envelhecimento populacional, há uma tendência ao aumento do número de pacientes idosos portadores de câncer. No entanto, não existem protocolos bem definidos para a abordagem terapêutica deste grupo de pacientes. Uma das maiores dificuldades relacionadas a essa abordagem é determinar se os benefícios do tratamento são superiores aos seus possíveis danos. A idade cronológica não é um bom preditor de falência ou de intolerância ao tratamento. Uma adequada avaliação do paciente idoso com câncer é a chave para a seleção e administração da terapia mais eficaz e segura. É necessária uma avaliação individual abrangente que defina a "idade fisiológica" do idoso. Para isso, algumas ferramentos são propostas. Uma delas é a Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA), a qual considera fatores dos âmbitos da funcionalidade, a presença de comorbidades, cognição, condições sócio-econômica e emocional, estado nutricional, presença de síndromes geriátricas e polifarmácia. Porém, esta abordagem demanda tempo, o que a torna impraticável num cenário médico típico. Desta forma, são propostas ferramentas de rastreio para identificar o idoso que necessita de uma abordagem mais completa. Assim, seria possível estratificar esses pacientes em três grupos: um grupo de pacientes funcionalmente independentes e sem comorbidades graves; um segundo grupo de pacientes dependentes em uma ou mais Atividade Instrumental da Vida Diária (AIVD) e/ou com uma ou mais comorbidades associadas; e um grupo de pacientes frágeis. A partir daí, é possível delinear um plano terapêutico individualizado com uma relação risco-benefício mais favorável

Avaliação geriátrica do paciente idoso com câncer: revisão de literatura / Geriatric assessment of elderly patients with cancer: a literature review

Com o envelhecimento populacional, há uma tendência ao aumento do número de pacientes idosos portadores de câncer. No entanto, não existem protocolos bem definidos para a abordagem terapêutica deste grupo de pacientes. Uma das maiores dificuldades relacionadas a essa abordagem é determinar se os benefícios do tratamento são superiores aos seus possíveis danos. A idade cronológica não é um bom preditor de falência ou de intolerância ao tratamento. Uma adequada avaliação do paciente idoso com câncer é a chave para a seleção e administração da terapia mais eficaz e segura. É necessária uma avaliação individual abrangente que defina a "idade fisiológica" do idoso. Para isso, algumas ferramentos são propostas. Uma delas é a Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA), a qual considera fatores dos âmbitos da funcionalidade, a presença de comorbidades, cognição, condições sócio-econômica e emocional, estado nutricional, presença de síndromes geriátricas e polifarmácia. Porém, esta abordagem demanda tempo, o que a torna impraticável num cenário médico típico. Desta forma, são propostas ferramentas de rastreio para identificar o idoso que necessita de uma abordagem mais completa. Assim, seria possível estratificar esses pacientes em três grupos: um grupo de pacientes funcionalmente independentes e sem comorbidades graves; um segundo grupo de pacientes dependentes em uma ou mais Atividade Instrumental da Vida Diária (AIVD) e/ou com uma ou mais comorbidades associadas; e um grupo de pacientes frágeis. A partir daí, é possível delinear um plano terapêutico individualizado com uma relação risco-benefício mais favorável (AU)

Insuficiência adrenal relativa no choque séptico: comparação da resposta ao tratamento com hidrocortisona em pacientes diagnosticados através de dosagem única do cortisol plasmático versus teste da corticotropina / Relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock: comparison of the response to hydrocortisone in patients diagnosed through random cortisol measurement versus corticotropin test

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A incidência de insuficiência adrenal relativa (IAR) no paciente com choque séptico é elevada e tem impacto significativo na sobrevida. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a dosagem única do cortisol < 25 mg/dL é tão eficiente quanto o teste da corticotropina com 1 mg para o diagnóstico de IAR em pacientes com choque séptico, avaliando a resposta hemodinâmica à administração de hidrocortisona. MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram aleatorizados para dosagem única do cortisol ou teste da corticotropina com 1 mg. Após a coleta de sangue para dosagem do cortisol, os pacientes passaram a receber 100 mg de hidrocortisona, por via venosa a cada 8 horas, durante 36 horas. IAR foi definida por uma dosagem única do cortisol < 25 mg/dL ou um D do cortisol < 9 mg/dL, após o teste da corticotropina. RESULTADOS: Sessenta pacientes (G1 = 30; G2 = 30) foram incluídos na análise e mostraram-se comparáveis com relação aos dados demográficos, nosologias e gravidade. O tempo de uso de noradrenalina entre os pacientes do grupo 1 com critério diagnóstico para IAR não diferiu daquele dos pacientes com cortisol > 25 mg/dL. No grupo 2, os pacientes com D cortisol < 9 mg/dL tiveram tempo de infusão de noradrenalina menor (3 dias) comparado aos pacientes com D cortisol > 9 mg/dL (6 dias). CONCLUSÕES: O teste da corticotropina com 1 mg foi mais eficiente que a dosagem única do cortisol plasmático < 25 mg/dL, para o diagnóstico da insuficiência adrenal relativa no paciente com choque séptico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) in patients with septic shock is high and has a significant impact on survival. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a random cortisol concentration < 25 mg/dL was as good as a low dose (1 mg) corticotrophin stimulation test in the diagnosis of RAI in patients with septic shock as assessed by the hemodynamic response to hydrocortisone. METHODS: Patients were randomized to a single cortisol determination or to a low dose corticotrophin stimulation test. After blood collection to cortisol determinations, hydrocortisone (100 mg every 8 hrs) was administered for all patients in the first 36 hours. RAI was defined by a random cortisol concentration < 25 mg/dL or a D cortisol concentration < 9 mg/dL in the corticotrophin test. RESULTS: Sixty patients (G1 = 30; G2 = 30) were included in the analysis and were comparable regarding to demographic data, nosologies and disease severity. The time to norepinephrin withdrawal in group 1 patients with RAI diagnostic criteria was not different from the patients with cortisol > 25 mg/dL. In group 2 patients with D cortisol < 9 mg/dL had a shorter time of norepinephrin infusion (3 days) compared to patients with D cortisol > 9 (6 days). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that 1 mg corticotrophin test is better than a random cortisol determination < 25 mg/dL to the diagnosis of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock patients.

[Relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock: comparison of the response to hydrocortisone in patients diagnosed through random cortisol measurement versus corticotropin test]. / Insuficiência adrenal relativa no choque séptico: comparação da resposta ao tratamento com hidrocortisona em pacientes diagnosticados através de dosagem única do cortisol plasmático versus teste da corticotropina.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) in patients with septic shock is high and has a significant impact on survival. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a random cortisol concentration < 25 mg/dL was as good as a low dose (1 mg) corticotrophin stimulation test in the diagnosis of RAI in patients with septic shock as assessed by the hemodynamic response to hydrocortisone. METHODS: Patients were randomized to a single cortisol determination or to a low dose corticotrophin stimulation test. After blood collection to cortisol determinations, hydrocortisone (100 mg every 8 hrs) was administered for all patients in the first 36 hours. RAI was defined by a random cortisol concentration < 25 mg/dL or a D cortisol concentration < 9 mg/dL in the corticotrophin test. RESULTS: Sixty patients (G1 = 30; G2 = 30) were included in the analysis and were comparable regarding to demographic data, nosologies and disease severity. The time to norepinephrin withdrawal in group 1 patients with RAI diagnostic criteria was not different from the patients with cortisol > 25 mg/dL. In group 2 patients with D cortisol < 9 mg/dL had a shorter time of norepinephrin infusion (3 days) compared to patients with D cortisol > 9 (6 days). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that 1 mg corticotrophin test is better than a random cortisol determination < 25 mg/dL to the diagnosis of relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock patients.

Intensive insulin therapy versus conventional glycemic control in patients with acute neurological injury: a prospective controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare intensive insulin therapy to conventional glycemic control in patients with acute neurological injury evaluating neurological outcome and morbimortality. METHOD: Patients with two glycemias above 150 mg/dL 12 hours after admission were randomized to receive intensive insulin therapy (G1) or conventional treatment (G2). We evaluated a subgroup of patients with acute brain injury from July, 2004 to June, 2006. RESULTS: G1 patients (n=31) received 70.5 (45.1-87.5) units of insulin/day while G2 patients (n=19) received 2 (0.6-14.1) units/day (p<0.0001). The median glycemia was comparable in both groups (p=0.16). Hypoglycemia occurred in 2 patients (6.4%) in G1 and in 1 patient (5.8%) in G2 (p=1.0). Mortality in G1 was of 25.8% and of 35.2% in G2 (relative reduction of 27%). Neurological outcome was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: A less strict intensive insulin therapy can reduce hypoglycemia and still maintain its benefits.

Intensive insulin therapy versus conventional glycemic control in patients with acute neurological injury: a prospective controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare intensive insulin therapy to conventional glycemic control in patients with acute neurological injury evaluating neurological outcome and morbimortality. METHOD: Patients with two glycemias above 150 mg/dL 12 hours after admission were randomized to receive intensive insulin therapy (G1) or conventional treatment (G2). We evaluated a subgroup of patients with acute brain injury from July, 2004 to June, 2006. RESULTS: G1 patients (n=31) received 70.5 (45.1-87.5) units of insulin/day while G2 patients (n=19) received 2 (0.6-14.1) units/day (p<0.0001). The median glycemia was comparable in both groups (p=0.16). Hypoglycemia occurred in 2 patients (6.4 percent) in G1 and in 1 patient (5.8 percent) in G2 (p=1.0). Mortality in G1 was of 25.8 percent and of 35.2 percent in G2 (relative reduction of 27 percent). Neurological outcome was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: A less strict intensive insulin therapy can reduce hypoglycemia and still maintain its benefits.

OBJETIVO: Comparar insulinoterapia intensiva com controle convencional da glicemia em pacientes com injuria cerebral aguda avaliando evolução neurológica e morbimortalidade. MÉTODO: Pacientes com duas glicemias acima de 150 mg/dL nas primeiras 12 horas após admissão foram randomizados para insulinoterapia intensiva (Grupo 1) ou tratamento convencional (Grupo 2). Avaliamos um subgrupo de pacientes com injuria cerebral aguda admitidos de julho/2004 a junho/2006. RESULTADOS: O Grupo 1 (n=31) recebeu 70,5 (45,1-87,5) unidades de insulina/dia enquanto o Grupo 2 (n=19) recebeu 2 (0,6-14,1) unidades/dia (p<0,0001). A glicemia mediana foi comparável nos dois grupos (p=0,16). Hipoglicemia ocorreu em 2 pacientes (6,4 por cento) no Grupo 1 e em 1 paciente (5,8 por cento) no Grupo 2. A mortalidade no Grupo 1 foi 25,8 por cento contra 35,2 por cento no Grupo 2 (redução relativa de 27 por cento). A evolução neurológica foi semelhante nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Insulinoterapia intensiva com controle mais flexível da glicemia reduz a incidência de hipoglicemia mantendo os benefícios do tratamento.

Avaliação do tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em pacientes da rede pública em São Luis (MA) / Evaluation of the treatment and control of systematic arterial hypertension in patients of the public health system in the city of Sao Luis, MA

Considerando a escassez de dados sobre o tratamento realizado pelos hipertensos nas unidades de saúde de São Luís (MA), este estudo procura identificar as drogas mais utilizadas por esta população, as associações entre as drogas, em que estágio pressórico estão estes pacientes, bem como estimar a adesão ao tratamento realizado. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 462 pacientes cadastrados no Programa de Hipertensão em Unidades de Saúde de São Luís, com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) há mais de 6 meses, maiores de 18 anos de idade e com capacidade mental para participar da pesquisa. As variáveis utilizadas incluíam tempo de hipertensão, adesão ao tratamento, drogas mais utilizadas e suas associações. Além disso, realizou-se exame físico que constava em: aferição da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial, mensuração do quadril e da cintura para realização de seu índice, verificação de peso e altura. A taxa de adesão encontrada foi de 75por cento, um valor provavelmente superestimado. Observou-se que o esquema mais utilizado era a monoterapia, sendo o captopril a droga mais prescrita neste esquema (65por cento). Em contrapartida, observe-se o melhor controle pressórico com a utilização da hidroclorotiazida.

Considering the scarcity of data regarding hypertension treatment at hospitals and clinics in São Luís, Maranhão, this study aims to identify the drugs most frequently used by this population, the associations among these medicines, the hypertension stage of the patients, and to estimate patients’ rates of compliance to treatment. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 462 patients registered in the Hypertension Program in Health Centers in the city of Sao Luis, with diagnoses of systematic arterial hypertension (HAS) for over six months, over 18 years of age, and mentally capable of participating in the study. The variables utilized included duration of hypertension, compliance to treatment, drugs most frequently used, and their associations. A physical exam was also employed to check cardiac frequency and arterial pressure, measure the hips and waist, and establish weight and height. The rate of adherence was 75%, a value probably overestimated. Monotherapy was the strategy most frequently used, and in this strategy, Captopril was the most prescribed drug, 65%. On the other hand, the best pressure control was obtained with the use of hidroclorotiazida.